Grand Rapids Art Museum

Grand Rapids, MI

616-831-1000

http://www.gramonline.org/

Unending Frontier: Art of the West

September 29 through December 31, 2000

The West as a subject of art has inspired Americans for generations. The untouched beauty of the land, the spiritual power of its native Indian cultures, and the rugged individualism of its Anglo settlers combine in an art that is a vivid and compelling narrative on the American experience and continues to define the core values of Americans in the next century. "Unending Frontier: Art of the West" is a millennium year exhibition that celebrates the American spirit - past, present, and future, and traces the art of the American West from its historical beginnings to the present day. (left: Albert Bierstadt, Geysers in Yellowstone, ca. 1881, Oil on canvas, 26 1/4 x 36 1/2 inches, Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming, Gift of Townsend B. Martin)

Exactly where and when the West begins and ends has long been a matter of debate. Most agree that it is the region starting at the banks of the Mississippi River that extends west, northwest, and southwest to the Pacific; yet it is also a place in the mind as well as on the map. Since the early survey expeditions to the West, artists have given pictorial form to its vast, rolling prairies, flat and arid deserts, soaring mountains, and remarkable land formations. Through the eyes of artists such as Thomas Moran and Albert Bierstadt, the strange beauty and open spaces of the West summon up a sense of awe and wonder. (left: Frederic Remington, The Rattlesnake, (1914 posthumous casting), Bronze, 3/4 x 17 3/4 x 11 1/2 inches, Collection of Peter M. Wege)

The frontier was a beckoning Eden to countless settlers searching for a new life and a natural habitat to native people threatened by the widespread immigration of Angle culture. While artists such as Charles M. Russell, Frederic Remington, and Frank Tenney Johnson described the heroism of pioneers and cowboys, other artists such as George Catlin, Alfred Jacob Miller, Joseph Henry Sharp, Oscar E. Berninghaus and Michigan's painter of the West, Eanger Irving Couse, depicted the quiet dignity of Indian cultures. (left: N. C. Wyeth, The Wild Spectacular Race for Dinner, 1904-05, Oil on canvas, 38 1/8 x 26 inches, Buffalo Bill Historical Center Cody, Wyoming, Gift of John Schiff)

The West historically provided a stage upon which Native, Angle, and Hispanic cultures met, interacted and often influenced one another in mutually beneficial ways. The theme of mutual accommodation among the cultures continues in contemporary western painting and sculpture by artists such as William Robinson Leigh, John Hauser, John Clymer, Olaf Seltzer, Frank McCarthy, Ray Swanson, and Bill Nebeker. (right: Thomas Moran, Acoma, 1904, Oil on canvas, 23 1/8 x 36 5/8 inches, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma)

"Unending Frontier: Art of the West" is organized by the Grand Rapids Art Museum in association with the Charles M. Russell Center at The University of Oklahoma. Guest curator for the exhibition is Peter H. Hassrick, Charles Marion Russell Professor of American Western Art at the University of Oklahoma and Director of the Charles M. Russell Center for the Study of Art of the American West at the University of Oklahoma. Mr. Hassrick is an acclaimed and distinguished scholar on American Western Art and formerly served as founding Director of the Georgia O'Keefe Museum in Santa Fe and Director of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody. Mr. Hassrick's books include Frederic Remington: A Catalogue Raisonné (1996), Charles Russell (1989), The Rocky Mountains: A Vision for Artists in the 19th Century (1983), and numerous other publications.(left: John Hauser, An Early Morning at Pine Ridge, South Dakota, 1910, Oil on board, 12 x 22 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook; right: Frederick Ballard Williams, The Grand Canyon, 1910, Oil on canvas, 28 x 36 inches, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Gift of Emily J. Clark))

The exhibition consists of fifty paintings and twenty sculptures extending from the earliest historical depictions of the West to contemporary works by cowboy artists and regionalist painters. Lenders to the exhibition include: Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming; Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma; National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Saginaw Art Museum, Michigan; Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame; University of Michigan Museum of Art; and private collections in Grand Rapids and Chicago. (left: E. Irving Couse, Indian Warrior Making Arrows at His Fire, after 1904, Oil on canvas, 24 x 29 inches, Collection of the Saginaw Art Museum, Gift of Mrs. George L. Burrows, 1949.036.000)

An illustrated catalogue will accompany the exhibition published by the Grand Rapids Art Museum. Peter Hassrick will serve as organizing editor and author of the introduction. Contributing essayists are Stephanie Foster Rahill, Charles M. Russell Center; Aaron W. Jones, University of Oklahoma; and Bradley A. Finson, University of Oklahoma.

From left to right: Carl Rungius, Wyoming Moose, Wind River, not dated, Oil on canvas, 25 x 30 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Oscar E. Berninghaus, The Edge of the Foot Hills, not dated, Oil on canvas, 24 x 30 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook; William R. Leigh, Branding JJ, 1945, Oil on canvas, 29 1/2 x 82 1/4 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Foreword (From the Catalogue):

The Midwest was once the West, the farthest outpost of an American frontier. As settlements, then towns, and finally cities emerged across its plains and along its rivers, the frontier moved steadily westward into a sun that glowed with promise. For Americans, the belief in an unending frontier of opportunity is essential to our nature, and we frame the challenges of the next century and millennium in those terms.

In the year 2000, the historical American frontier has become a network of protected parks and natural reserves, and frontier cowboys now compete as rodeo athletes. The idea of an exhibition of western art, from its beginnings to the present, in this particular year of looking back and looking forward came from two champions of the West Michigan community, Peter M. Wege and Peter C. Cook. Both men grew up with the novels of Zane Grey and Louis L'Amour. Images conjured up in reading led to the pursuit of paintings that captured the West of their boyhood imaginings. Both men are outdoorsmen whose admiration for art is related to their active lives of commitment to education, wilderness conservation, social service, and the arts.

"Unendng Frontier: Art of the West" is an exhibition drawn primarily from private collections as well as museums in this region and westward. We are particularly grateful to the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming, and Director B. Byron Price who supported this project from the outset. Former Director of the Grand Rapids Art Museum, Fred Myers, served as Director of the Gilcrease Museum from 1978-1991. He died in Tulsa, Oklahoma in October 1991, a much beloved museum director. J. Brooks Joyner, current Director of the Gilcrease Museum, graciously extended significant loans to this exhibition and provided valuable information about the history of the museum and its collections. At the National Cowboy Hall of Fame, Assistant Director Bobby Weaver, and Curator Ed Muno, spent the better part of a day reviewing their collection and discussing their contribution to this exhibition. The paintings lent by these three museums whose collections include some of the greatest works of American art of the West have greatly enriched this exhibition. At the National Gallery of Art, Franklin Kelly, Curator of American and British Paintings, extended exceptional professional courtesy on our request for Trail Riders, Thomas Hart Benton's gift to the National Gallery.

Within our region, the Snite Museum at the University of Notre Dame, The University of Michigan Art Museum, and the Saginaw Art Museum lent signature works of western art from their collections. At Notre Dame, Director, Charles Loving and former Director, Dean Porter, took a keen interest in this project. James Steward, Director of the University of Michigan Museum of Art and Russell Thayer, interim Director of the Saginaw Art Museum were obliging and generous in lending important works from their collections.

Private collectors are at the heart of this project. Their passion for western art and their desire to participate in the making of a major exhibition at the Grand Rapids Art Museum has defined them as lasting friends of this institution. Peter Wege, Peter and Pat Cook, Stan and Margaret Cheff, Gene and Tubie Gilmore, and Gerald Cooper have shared their personal collections to engage others in the exciting discovery and experience of American western art.

It is impossible to understate our gratitude to Peter Hassrick, guest curator of the exhibition, whose reputation in the field of American western art is legendary and whose profound contribution to both museum and academic professions continues to define him as a respected curator, professor, and director. His willingness to take on this project in the midst of a busy schedule of commitments and responsibilities is deeply appreciated. His associates, Stephanie Foster Rahill, Bradley Finson, and Aaron Jones have contributed expertise and insight to the catalogue.

Members of the Grand Rapids Art Museum staff have labored tirelessly to prepare this exhibition for our celebration of the millennium year 2000. Steve Ferris served as coordinating curator for the exhibition, working with lenders, photographers, and the Charles Russell Center on all aspects of organization. Additional thanks and recognition are due to the talent and dedication of Kathleen Ferres, Registrar; Mary Reusch, Assistant Registrar; Amy Braun Heiney, Associate Curator for Exhibitions and designer of the installation; Peggy Helsel, Director of Development and Membership; and Abby Fogarty, Editor and Web Manager. Linda Thompson, Assistant Director for Education and Public Programs, has brought together educators from this region to create an education program that brings these works to life for the very youngest to the most senior museum visitor.

Our association with the Charles Russell Center in this project has brought the skill of two institutions together in a worthy educational endeavor. For support of this major joint project we express our appreciation to all the sponsors of this exhibition and catalogue. Leadership gifts from Peter Wege, Peter Cook, Frey Foundation, Meijer, and The Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation are enhanced by a roster of individual and corporate sponsors listed in this publication to each of whom we are most deeply grateful. The commitment and participation at each stage of planning that is required to produce an exhibition of merit is in itself a triumphant story. Unending Frontier: Art of the West has many heroes. To educate and delight visitors to this exhibition is their greatest ambition.

Celeste Adams

Director, Grand Rapids Art Museum

Concurrent Exhibitions:

Beyond the Reach of Time and Change: American Indian Portraits

The photographs of Nebraska photographers Frank A. Rinehardt and Adolph Muhr have long been recognized as the best and most extensive photographic documentation of American Indian people at the turn-of-the-century. Between 1898-1900, Rinehardt and Muhr photographed people from 35 American Indian tribes in Rinehardt's studio, in Indian villages and at expositions to provide a last look at a culture then believed doomed to vanish. In 1904, Muhr joined the Seattle studio of photographer Edward S. Curtis, whose photographs of American Indians also became primary records of Indian culture.

Haskell Indian Nations University owns one of only two sets of the original glass-plate negatives made 100 years ago by Frank Rinehardt and his assistant, Adolph Muhr. Haskell University has produced a set of archival platinum prints from the glass-plate negatives. These powerful images of tribal leaders convey the dramatic presence and unique character of American Indians in American turn-of-the-century society.

Twenty photographs on loan from the Haskell Indian Nations University Archives will be exhibited at the Grand Rapids Art Museum in conjunction with "Unending Frontier: Art of the West"

Andy Warhol: Cowboys and Indians

On loan from the Steelcase collection, "Cowboys and Indians," by American pop artist Andy Warhol, underlines the way in which contemporary art continues to embrace the West as an icon of popular culture. Andy Warhol, 1928-1987, produced a total of fourteen large-scale screenprints of western subjects, including images of Sitting Bull, Geronimo, General Custer, Annie Oakley, and John Wayne. Using existing photographs, Warhol enhanced the blow-ups with vivid color to emphasize the stylish, graphic character of the image.

Chronological List of Art Works in "Unending Frontier: Art of the West"

*George Catlin (1796-1872), Crow Chief, ca. 1850, Oil on paper mounted on board, 15 7/8 x 21 5/8 inches, Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming, Bequest of Joseph M. Roebling

*Alfred Jacob Miller (1810-1874), The Lost Greenhorn, 1866, Oil on canvas, 17 7/8 x 23 7/8 inches, Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming, Gift of The Coe Foundation

*Eastman Johnson (1824-1906), Boyhood of Lincoln, 1868, Oil on canvas, 46 7/16 x 37 5/16 inches, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Bequest of Henry C. Lewis

*William de la Montague Cary (1840-1922), Return of the Northern Boundary Survey Party, 1870s, Oil on canvas, 44 1/2 x 83 1/2 inches, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma

*Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902), Geysers in Yellowstone, ca. 1881, Oil on canvas, 26 1/4 x 36 1/2 inches, Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming, Gift of Townsend B. Martin

*Rudolf Cronau (1855-1939), Green River in Utah, 1885, Oil on canvas, 54 x 79 1/2 inches, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma

*Frederic Remington (1861-1909), Indian Boys Running a Foot Race, 1890, Ink wash on paper, 12 x 20 inches, Collection of Peter M. Wege

*Frederic Remington (1861-1909), The Broncho Buster, 1895, Bronze 23 1/2 x 21 x 13 1/3 inches, Gift of Mr. Charles S. Jones, The Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame

*Frederic Remington (1861-1909), Snow Indian of the Northwest Type, ca. 1897, Ink wash on paper, 22 x 20 inches, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Gift of Peter M. Wege

*Frederic Remington (1861-1909), The Rattlesnake, (1914 posthumous casting), Bronze, 23 3/4 x 17 3/4 x 11 1/2 inches, Collection of Peter M. Wege

Charles Schreyvogel (1861-1912), White Eagle, 1899, Bronze, 19 1/2 x 18 x 10 inches, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Cooper

*Carl Kauba (1865-1922), Plains Indian Astride a Horse, Bronze, 27 x 22 x 8 inches, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Gift of Frederik Meijer

*Thomas Moran (1837-1926), Acoma, 1904, Oil on canvas, 23 1/8 x 36 5/8 inches, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma

*N. C. Wyeth (1882-1945), The Wild Spectacular Race for Dinner, 1904-05, Oil on canvas, 38 1/8 x 26 inches, Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming, Gift of John Schiff

John Hauser (1859-1918), Loading Up, 1905, Watercolor and gouache on paper, 13 1/2 x 9 1/2 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*John Hauser (1859-1918), Early Morning at Pine Ridge, South Dakota, 1910, Oil on board, 12 x 22 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Olaf Seltzer (1877-1957), Trouble on the Circle Diamond, 1908, Oil on canvas, 18 1/4 x 23 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Olaf Seltzer (1877-1957), Indian Scouting Party, Watercolor on paper, 14 x 19 1/2 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Frederick Ballard Williams (1871-1956), The Grand Canyon, 1910, Oil on canvas, 28 x 36 inches, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Gift of Emily J. Clark

*Joseph Henry Sharp (1859-1953), The Mourners, 1911, Oil on canvas, 42 x 58 inches, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma

*Joseph Henry Sharp (1859-1953), Firelight Drummer, Oil on canvas, 20 x 16 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Henry W. Farny (1847-1916), Moonlit Indian Encampment, 1911, Gouache on academy board, 9 1/4 x 6 1/4 inches , Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Cooper

*Charles M. Russell (1864-1926), Casa Alegre, Watercolor on paper, 20 x 30 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Charles M. Russell (1864-1926), Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1918, Oil on canvas, 30 1/2 x 48 1/2 inches, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Charles M. Russell (1864-1926), Letter, 1924, Ink and watercolor on paper, 3 1/2 x 5 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

Charles M. Russell (1864-1926), His Winter Store, Bronze, 4 x 5 1/8 x 6 1/8 inches, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Gift of Frederik Meijer

*E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), Mourning Her Brave, 1893, Oil on canvas, 51 x 61 inches, Private Collection

E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), Papoose, Oil on canvas, 21 3/4 x 18 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), The Weary Hunter, Oil on canvas, 24 x 29 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

*E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), Medicine Fire, Oil on canvas, 24 x 29 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), Indian Warrior Making Arrows at His Fire, after 1904, Oil on canvas, 24 x 29 inches, Collection of the Saginaw Art Museum, Gift of Mrs. George L. Burrows, 1949.036.000

*E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), Two Brothers-Cool Drink, Oil on canvas, 30 x 36 inches, Private Collection

*E. Irving Couse (1866-1936), The Sacred Rain Bowl, Oil on canvas, 24 1/2 x 29 1/2 inches, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Cooper

Frank Tenney Johnson (1874-1939), Indian Camp, 1922, Pastel on paper, 19 x 35 inches, Collection of Peter M. Wege

*Frank Tenney Johnson (1874-1939), The Deputy Sheriff, 1929, Oil on canvas, 24 x 18 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Frank Tenney Johnson (1874-1939), The Dreamers, 1931, Oil on panel, 18 x 16 inches, Collection of Gene and Tubie Gilmore

*Frank Tenney Johnson (1874-1939), Rough Riding Rancheros, 1935, Oil on canvas, 36 x 46 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

*Mathias Alten (1871-1938), Smoking Apache, 1927, Oil on canvas, 40 x 30 inches, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Promised Gift of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Carl Rungius (1869-1959), Wyoming Moose, Wind River, Oil on canvas, 25 x 30 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

*Oscar E. Berninghaus (1874-1952), The Edge of the Foot Hills, Oil on canvas, 24 x 30 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Oscar E. Berninghaus (1874-1952), Valley of the Sun, Eagle Nest, New Mexico, ca. 1942, Oil on board, 16 x 20 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*William R. Leigh (1866-1955), Branding JJ, 1945, Oil on canvas, 29 1/2 x 82 1/4 inches, Collection of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

*Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975), Trail Riders, 1964-65, Oil on canvas, 56 1/8 x 74 inches, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Artist 1975.42.1

*Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975), Grand Tetons, Wyoming, ca. 1964, Oil on tin, 10 3/8 x 11 7/8 inches, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Cooper

*Charlie Dye (1906-1973), Over the Rope, Oil on board, 18 x 24 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*John Clymer (1907-1989), Old Fort Benton, 1967, Oil on board, 24 x 36 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*John Clymer (1907-1989), Defeat at Daybreak, 1974, Oil on canvas, 24 x 40 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Robert Duncan (b. 1952), The War Horse, 1976, Oil on board, 18 x 36 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Robert Duncan (b. 1952), The Days of Dogs, 1986, Oil on board, 24 x 40 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

Frank McCarthy (b. 1924), Rendezvous, 1978, Oil on board, 24 x 36 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Joe Beeler (b. 1931), Old Blue, Oil on canvas, 24 x 40 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Joe Beeler (b. 1931), Indian Herding Cattle, Oil on board, 18 x 24 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

Fritz White (b. 1930), Sacred Smoke, Bronze, 17 X 9 X 13 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Bill Owen (b. 1942), Batchen and Patchen, Bronze, 16 X 13 X 12 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

*Kenneth Riley (b. 1919), Letter from St. Louis, Oil on board, 25 x 44 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Kenneth Riley (b. 1919), Shadows, Oil on board, 12 x 24 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Gary Niblett (b. 1943), The Rabbit Hunt, 1980, Oil on canvas, 24 x 36 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

Olaf Wieghorst (1899-1988), Partners, 1980, Watercolor on paper, 13 3/4 x 13 1/2 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Lorenzo Ghegliere (b. 1931), Prairie Pursuit, 1980, Bronze, 21 X 21 X 30 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

W. Steve Seltzer, Mounted Indian, Watercolor on paper, 11 1/4 x 9 1/2 inches, Collection of Peter M. Wege

Harvey W. Johnson (b. 1921), Flatboat in the Upper Snake, 1981, Oil on canvas, 24 x 44 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

Bill Nebeker (b. 1942), Flowers for My Wagon Widow, 1982, Bronze, 29 X 12 X 7 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Bill Nebeker (b. 1942), The Hunt, 1982, Bronze, 10 X 5 X 4 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

*Bill Nebeker (b. 1942), The Medicine Shield, 1989, Bronze, 9 X 10 X 6 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Bill Nebeker (b. 1942), The Legend Lives, Bronze, 42 X 17 X 17 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Roy Anderson, When the Sun Goes Down, Oil on canvas, 16 x 20 inches, Collection of Peter C. and Pat Cook

*Howard Terpning (b. 1927), Cavalry Scouts, 1986, Oil on board, 12 x 16 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Ray Swanson (b. 1937), Proud to be a Navajo, 1984, Watercolor on paper, 11 X 7 inches , Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

*Ray Swanson (b. 1937), Day in Winter, 1989, Watercolor on paper, 8 X 14 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Ray Swanson (b. 1937), Making the Eagle Feather Bonnet, Oil on canvas, 48 X 39 1/4 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

*David Halbach (b. 1931), Eototo Aholi, 1988, Watercolor, 14 1/2 X 11 1/2 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

David Halbach (b. 1931), Looking for the Prime Beaver, Watercolor, 12 X 24 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

Grant Speed (b. 1930), Night Herdin' in a Rainstorm, 1990, Bronze, 62 x 56 x 22 inches, Collection of Gene and Tubie Gilmore

Craig Dan Goseyun (b. 1961), Morning Star, 1995, Bronze, 26 X 13 X 15 inches, Collection of Stanley and Margaret Cheff

* indicates inclusion in catalogue

rev. 7/18/00)

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